 James Scott Skinner
James Skinner (the Scott was to be added later) was born on 5 August 1843 in Banchory on Deeside in Aberdeenshire. His father was a gardener until he lost several fingers from his left hand during a traditional firing of arms at wedding festivities. He then followed the trade of a dancing master and a left handed fiddler (later to be a title of a Scott Skinner tune), playing the fiddle with a loop round his left hand to move the bow. Skinner's father died when he was a baby and Skinner was left in the care of his elder brother Sandy who taught him the fiddle and the bass fiddle (‘cello). (CD James Scott Skinner - The Strathspey King)
By the age of eight we find Skinner playing with Peter Milne, vamping on the ‘cello with Milne's band for dances in Deeside and surrounding area. In My life and Adventures, a selective autobiography that was published in The People’s Journal in twelve instalments, Skinner recalls long trudges to attend dances only to fall asleep on his ‘cello, playing unconsciously. In The Miller o’ Hirn, Skinner attributes the writing of ' The Shakins o’the pocky' (literally the shakings of the pocket) both to himself and to Peter Milne.
After a brief education in Aberdeen, Skinner left the Northeast to tour Great Britain playing the ‘cello with Dr Mark’s Little Men, a latter day boy band consisting of around forty juvenile boys playing in an orchestra. When not travelling the boys were based in Manchester and the Little Men attended the Royal College of Music. It was during this period that Skinner learned to read music and received his classical training from Charles Rougier, a French violinist who had studied at the Paris Conseservatoire. It was this training that allowed Skinner to perform pieces by composers such as Paganini and Mozart alongside his own "traditional" pieces and also compose technically difficult pieces such as 'The President'. Skinner felt that these compositions put him above his contemporaries such as Marshall and Neil Gow.
After absconding from Dr. Mark's Little Men Skinner returned to Aberdeen where he was introduced to William Scott of Stoneywood, a dancing master and the man that Skinner would take his middle name from. Whether this was out of reverence for his teacher or simply to make himself sound more Scottish is debatable. Under Scott, Skinner learnt to be a dancing master, a career that would take him on travels round the Northeast and North of Scotland from Inverness to Balmoral. Among his patrons were the tenants of Queen Victoria’s estate in Balmoral and many aristocratic families of the Northeast. It was during this period that Skinner began publishing his works, including the Miller O’ Hirn in 1881.
The title page states that this is the complete edition of Skinner’s strathspeys and reels and "… is respectfully dedicated to all lovers of Scotch music", containing over one hundred strathspeys, reels, highland schottisches, slow airs, hornpipes and jigs, all composed by Skinner himself. Unlike future publications such as The Scottish Violinist (1900), this piece also contains lyrics for which Skinner had written music. The song words have been written by R. Grant, The Baird o’ Ugie, Peterhead, and La Teste of The Palace, Elgin. Lyrics contained in this work range from the title piece of the work, 'The Miller’ o Hirn', a schottische or strathspey to 'Our Highland Queen', a solo strathspey written for Queen Victoria. Certainly, this collection could be described as Skinner's first ever major published work' although he had had minor works published from an early age with the Highland Polka being printed when he was only seventeen years old. This was followed up the next year with the Ettrick Valley Quadrilles. Twelve New Strathspeys and Reels were published in 1865 being followed in 1866 with Thirty New Strathspeys and Reels, with both of these pieces being incorporated into The Miller o’ Hirn giving us Skinner’s first ever major published works.
In this collection Skinner began to attempt to demonstrate and regularise bowing, especially with regards to strathspeys. This can be seen in the title piece of the book 'The Miller O’ Hirn'. Skinner introduces three symbols:
the straight slur (bar one) , the arrow (bar two) and the loop (bar four) .
At the bottom of the first page Skinner explains exactly the way in which these "examples of bowing" are to be played. These devices are used throughout The Miller O’ Hirn but are not used systematically in future publications
In 1893 Skinner embarked on a tour of the United States and Canada with the famous dancer and piper Willie McLennan, however, McLennan was to die there and the tour was a disaster. When Skinner returned to Scotland he decided to "have done with dancing" and to concentrate on being a solo violinist. As far as Skinner was concerned there was no other Scottish violinist of eminence at the time so the way was clear for his own success. It was at this point that Skinner came into his own as a solo performer, playing for listening rather than dancing. However, it should be noted that this was not a new phenomenon with Neil Gow and Simon Fraser already playing slow airs for listening. Skinner also decided that he would always wear the kilt on stage. He came to embody the romantic Victorian ideal and fantasy of "Scottishness", becoming the kilted "Strathspey King". This new ultra Scottish image appears to have helped Skinner’s career, touring the country with the Caledonian Four concert party who ultimately played the London Palladium when requested by Sir Harry Lauder.
Skinner went on to compose and publish over 600 pieces of music, the quality of which varied from piece to piece, going form the fairly dull ' Highland Cradle Song' to the very difficult and almost "classical" piece, ' The President'. He continued to tour, play and compose until his death in 1927 always retaining his Scottish kitsch image. He was foremost a composer and his tunes are still played today whether for listening, dancing or in sessions. Furthermore, it should be noted that Skinner was the first fiddler player to be recorded on cylinder.
June Dent....University of Glasgow (library) http://special.lib.gla.ac.uk/exhibns/month/jun2000.html |
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